Expression Statements
Compound Statements
Control Statements
if Statement
if-else Statement
Nested if-else Statement
else-if Ladder Statement
Forms of if
&& (Logical AND) Operator
|| (Logical OR) Operator
! (Logical Not) Operator
There are 3 types of statements in C and they are expression
statements, compound statements and control statements.
Ø
Expression Statements:-
1. Assignment Statement: - These are used to
store values; usually the results of calculations are stored in variables.
2. Input / Output Statement: - These are used to
read in data and to print it out.
3. Control Statement: - These statements are
used to make a decision in the program about what to do next.
Ø
Compound Statements:-
These statement consists of
a sequence of two or more consecutive statements enclosed in braces ({ and }). The enclosed statements can be expression statements, other
compound statements or control statements.
Example:-
void main( )
{
int a, b;
scanf ("%d %d", &a, &b);
{
int
x, y;
scanf
("%d %d", &x, &y);
}
}
In this example two compound
statements are used.
Ø
Control Statements:-
The flow of statement
execution can be controlled by means of various control statements. Every language
has statements that can alter the flow of a sequence of execution of
instructions. These statements are known as control statements.
Control statements are broadly
classified into two types: -
1.
Iteration statements (Conditional statement):-
Iterative statements check the condition only once. An iterative
statement allows a program to test a condition and then choose which code to
execute next. The iterative statements are: -
i.
If statement
ii.
Switch statement
2.
Loop statements:-
Here the
condition is checked several times.
These
statements are used to make decisions in C.
1.
if Statement
2.
if-else Statement
3.
Nested if-else Statement
4.
else-if Ladder Statement
5.
Conditional Statement &
operators (Logical operators)
1.
if Statement:-
If the expression is true,
the statement is executed. Then the next statement in the program sequence is
executed.
If the expression is false,
the statement is not executed. The next statement in the program sequence is
executed.
if (this condition is true)
Execute this statement;
if (x==y)
|
Equal
|
if(x!=y)
|
Not equal
|
if(x<y)
|
Less than
|
if(x>y)
|
Greater than
|
if(x<=y)
|
Less than or equal
|
if(x>=y)
|
Greater than or equal
|
Example:-
void
main( )
{
int
n;
printf("Enter a number less than 10");
scanf("%d", &n);
if
(n<10)
{
printf("Valid value, Thank you");
}
}
2.
if-else Statement:-
if (this condition is true
then go to true part) & otherwise go to else (this condition is false).
Example:-
void
main( )
{
int
n;
printf("Enter any number=");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n<10)
{
printf("You enter single digit number. ");
}
else
{
printf ("You enter more than single
digit number. ");
}
}
3.
Nested if-else Statement:-
To use more than one if…..else statement in Nested form
is called Nested if-else Statement.
Example:-
/* W.A.P to calculate total salary. If salary less than 2000 than
provided 20% bonus and if salary less than 5000 and greater than 2000 than
provided 10% bonus otherwise no bonus. */
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<conio.h>
void
main( )
{
int
sal, bonus, total;
clrscr(
);
printf("Enter salary = ");
scanf("%d", &sal);
if
(sal<5000)
{
if
(sal < 2000)
{
bonus = 20;
}
else
{
bonus = 10;
}
}
else
{
bonus
= 0;
}
total
= sal + (sal * bonus/100);
printf
("Total Salary %d", total);
getch(
);
}
4.
else-if Ladder Statement:-
When multipath decisions are
involved. A multipath decision is a chain of if’s in which the statement associated with each else is an if.
Example:-
//
W.A.P to select a code and display color name of following code.
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<conio.h>
void main( )
{
int code;
printf("Enter color code = ");
scanf("%d", &code);
if (code == 1)
{
printf
("Red Color");
}
else
if (code == 2)
{
printf
("Green Color");
}
else
if (code == 3)
{
printf ("Pink Color");
}
else
{
printf ("Black Color");
}
getch(
);
}
Forms
of if:-
C
allows usage of three types of logical operators.
1.
&& (Logical AND) – All
Conditions must be true then Executed, otherwise go to else.
2.
|| (Logical OR)
– At least one Condition must be True then Executed, if both are false
then go to else.
3.
! (Logical Not)
– If the Condition is True
then Executed.
Syntax:-
1.
&& (Logical AND) Operator:
if (condition1 && condition2)
{
--------
--------
}
else
{
-----------
------------
}
2.
|| (Logical OR) Operator:
if (condition1 || condition2)
{
-------------
-------------
}
else
{
---------------
---------------
}
3.
! (Logical Not) Operator:
if (! (condition))
{
------------
------------
}
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